Quiz # 3

1. Describe the four categories of output.

    Answer

Monitors

Flat-screen monitors are more energy efficient than cathode ray-tube monitors. There are two major categories of monitors:

·        -Cathode ray-tube or CRT

·        -Liquid crystal display also known as flat-screen or LCD.

Both measure screen size diagonally and connect to the computer via USB port or a conventional printer cord. The flat-screen monitor uses less power and causes less eye strain.

Speakers and Headphones

Headphones are used to turn your computer into a telephone, stereo, or video game. Part of the sound card system that produces multimedia, speakers and headphones produce audio output. The range of audio equipment available to the average computer user is tailored to Messenger users, gamers, movie and video enthusiasts, and musicians. Most headphones also include a microphone for input as well.

Printers

Modern printers are advanced enough to publish detailed graphic arts and photos. Printers are used to make hard copies of computer output. There are three different kinds of printers.

·      -Dot matrix is the oldest and since it is slow and rather noisy compared to laser and ink-jet printers it is no longer widely used.

·       -Laser printers are the most expensive, but are fast and quiet

·       -Ink jet printers are inexpensive to buy, but the paper and toner consumption makes up for the cheap retail price.

Disks and External Drives

Portable memory sticks may have rendered CDs obsolete as output devices. CDs (which include rewritable CDs, DVDs), floppy disks and external hard drives are used as storage devices for data output. Data can be text, video, audio or graphics files. External memory drives are often portable depending on the size. Both disk drives and CDs can also be used as input devices.

2. Characteristics of:

• LCD Monitor- ultra-slim, stylish, full color display devices for the PC that fit in any part of the home or office.
• LCD Screens- lightweight, aesthetically appealing, energy efficient and long-term cost effective. 
• Plasma Monitors- produce rich colors along with very deep blacks, wide viewing
• TV’s are lit individually so the pixels can be completely turned off to display truck black colors. 
• HDTV’s- black level, brightness, contrast, color saturation, image processing, screen composition, tuners and cable card. 

 3. Components  Inside the System Unit:

• Processor
• memory
• adapter cards
• ports
• drive bays
• power supply
• motherboard
• chip
• Central Processing Unit
• Machine Cycle      

4. Components of a Processor:

• Control Unit
• Arithmetic/ Logic Unit (ALU)
• Register

 The machine cycle is the name of the four operations of the CPU. The first step is to 'fetch' the program instructions/data from the memory. The second step is to 'decode', which means translate the instruction into instructions. Step three is to 'execute', carry out the instruction. Finally step four is to 'store', write the result back to memory.

5. Define a BIT  and Describe  how a series  of  Bits  Represents a Data

When the user press any letter using the keyboard the electronic signal from that letter is sent to the system unit then the system unit convert it to its binary code and stored in memory for processing. After processing the binary code for that particular letter is converted to an image and displayed on the output device.

6. Categories of Application Software:

• Personal productivity Applications
• Multimedia and Graphics applications
• Communications applications 
• Home and Educational

7.  The Key Features in Business programs in terms of software is editing and typing and other stuff knowing what letters to use like formatting.

8. Using web authoring software can help build web pages faster, an advantage if you are facing a deadline or a large project. There are several different types of web authoring software you can use to make great web pages without having to know all of the ins and outs of web page creation.

9. History  Of Internet

The history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.

In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science NetworkNSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s and the Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. (CSNET) and again in 1986 when

Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) and Internet2. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking.

10. Different storage devices:

• Hard drive
• External Hard Drives
• network Attached Storage
• Optical Media Storage
• Flash Drives